3-10-4. INTERSECTING RUNWAY/INTERSECTING FLIGHT PATH SEPARATION

3-10-4. INTERSECTING RUNWAY/INTERSECTING FLIGHT PATH SEPARATION

Issue traffic information to each aircraft operating on intersecting runways.

1. Separate an arriving aircraft using one runway from another aircraft using an intersecting runway or a nonintersecting runway when the flight paths intersect by ensuring that the arriving aircraft does not cross the landing threshold or flight path of the other aircraft until one of the following conditions exists:
   • REFERENCE
   • FAA Order JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-21, Traffic Advisories.
   1. The preceding aircraft has departed and passed the intersection/flight path or is airborne and turning to avert any conflict. (See FIG 3-10-6 and FIG 3-10-7.)

      

      

   2. A preceding arriving aircraft is clear of the landing runway, completed landing roll and will hold short of the intersection/flight path, or has passed the intersection/flight path. (See FIG 3-10-8 and FIG 3-10-9.)

      

      

      NOTE: When visual separation is being applied by the tower, appropriate control instructions and traffic advisories must be issued to ensure go around or missed approaches avert any conflict with the flight path of traffic on the other runway.

      • REFERENCE
      • FAA Order JO 7110.65, Para 7-2-1, Visual Separation, subpara a2.
2. USA/USAF/USN NOT APPLICABLE. An aircraft may be authorized to takeoff from one runway while another aircraft lands simultaneously on an intersecting runway or an aircraft lands on one runway while another aircraft lands simultaneously on an intersecting runway, or an aircraft lands to hold short of an intersecting taxiway or some other predetermined point such as an approach/departure flight path using procedures specified in the current LAHSO directive. The procedure must be approved by the air traffic manager and be in accordance with a facility directive. The following conditions apply:

   NOTE: Application of these procedures does not relieve controllers from the responsibility of providing other appropriate separation contained in this order.

   • REFERENCE
   • FAA Order JO 7210.3, Para 10-3-7, Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO).
   1. A simultaneous takeoff and landing operation must only be conducted in VFR conditions.
   2. Instruct the landing aircraft to hold short of the intersecting runway being used by the aircraft taking off. In the case of simultaneous landings and no operational benefit is lost, restrict the aircraft of the lesser weight category (if known). LAHSO clearances must only be issued to aircraft that are listed in the current LAHSO directive, whose Available Landing Distance (ALD) does not exceed the landing distance requirement for the runway condition.
      • PHRASEOLOGY
      • HOLD SHORT OF RUNWAY (runway number), (traffic, type aircraft or other information).

      NOTE: Pilots who prefer to use the full length of the runway or a runway different from that specified are expected to advise ATC prior to landing.

   3. Issue traffic information to both aircraft involved and obtain an acknowledgment from each. Request a read back of hold short instructions when they are not received from the pilot of the restricted aircraft.
      • EXAMPLE
      • 1. “Runway one eight cleared to land, hold short of runway one four left, traffic, (type aircraft) landing runway one four left.”

        (When pilot of restricted aircraft responds with only acknowledgment):

        “Runway one four left cleared to land, traffic, (type aircraft) landing runway one eight will hold short of the intersection.”

        “Read back hold short instructions.”

      • 2. “Runway three six cleared to land, hold short of runway three three, traffic, (type aircraft) departing runway three three.”

        “Traffic, (type aircraft) landing runway three six will hold short of the intersection, runway three three cleared for takeoff.”

   4. Issue the measured distance from the landing threshold to the hold short point rounded “down” to the nearest 50-foot increment if requested by either aircraft.
      • EXAMPLE
      • “Five thousand fifty feet available.”
   5. The conditions in subparas b2, 3, and 4 must be met in sufficient time for the pilots to take other action, if desired, and no later than the time landing clearance is issued.
   6. Land and Hold Short runways must be free of any contamination as described in the current LAHSO directive, with no reports that braking action is less than good.
   7. There is no tailwind for the landing aircraft restricted to hold short of the intersection. The wind may be described as “calm” when appropriate.
      • REFERENCE
      • FAA Order JO 7110.65, Para 2-6-3, Reporting Weather Conditions.
   8. The aircraft required landing distances are listed in the current LAHSO directive.
   9. STOL aircraft operations are in accordance with a letter of agreement with the aircraft operator/pilot or the pilot confirms that it is a STOL aircraft.

   WAKE TURBULENCE APPLICATION

3. Separate aircraft landing behind a departing aircraft on a crossing runway if the arrival will fly through the airborne path of the departure by the appropriate radar separation or the following interval: (See FIG 3-10-10):
   1. Heavy, large, or small behind super - 3 minutes.
   2. Heavy, large, or small behind heavy - 2 minutes.
   3. Small behind B757 - 2 minutes.
4. Issue wake turbulence cautionary advisories, the position, altitude if known, and direction of flight of the super, heavy, or B757 to:
   • REFERENCE
   • AC 90-23, Aircraft Wake Turbulence, Para 11, Pilot Responsibility.

   

   1. All aircraft landing on a crossing runway behind a departing super or heavy, or a small aircraft landing on a crossing runway behind a departing B757, if the arrival flight path will cross the takeoff path behind the departing aircraft rotation point. (See FIG 3-10-11.)

      

      • EXAMPLE
      • “Runway niner cleared to land. Caution wake turbulence, heavy C-One Forty One departing runway one five.”
   2. All VFR aircraft landing on a crossing runway behind an arriving super or heavy, and VFR small aircraft landing on a crossing runway behind a B757, if the arrival flight paths will cross. (See FIG 3-10-12.)

      

      • EXAMPLE
      • “Runway niner cleared to land. Caution wake turbulence, Boeing Seven Fifty Seven landing runway three six.”
      • REFERENCE
      • FAA Order JO 7110.65, Para 7-4-4, Approaches to Multiple Runways.