Section 8. Class C Service - Terminal

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    Section 8. Class C Service - Terminal

    7-8-1. APPLICATION

    Apply Class C service procedures within the designated Class C airspace and the associated outer area. Class C services are designed to keep ATC informed of all aircraft within Class C airspace, not to exclude operations. Two-way radio communications and operational transponder are normally required for operations within Class C airspace, but operations without radio communications or transponder can be conducted by LOA, facility directive, or special arrangement with Class C airspace controlling facility.

    7-8-2. CLASS C SERVICES

    interpretation 13
    1. Class C services include the following:
      1. Sequencing of all aircraft to the primary airport.
      2. Standard IFR services to IFR aircraft.
      3. Separation, traffic advisories, and safety alerts between IFR and VFR aircraft.
      4. Mandatory traffic advisories and safety alerts between VFR aircraft.
    2. Provide Class C services to all aircraft operating within Class C airspace.
    3. Provide Class C services to all participating aircraft in the outer area.
    4. Aircraft should not normally be held. However, if holding is necessary, inform the pilot of the expected length of delay.
    5. When an outage occurs, affecting the preferred radar sensor, advise aircraft that Class C services are not available and, if appropriate, when to contact the tower, except when other radar resources are available and to the extent that coverage is sufficient, continue to provide radar services.

      NOTE: Limited radar coverage in one portion of a Class C area does not justify denial of Class C radar service in the entire area.

    7-8-3. SEPARATION

    Separate VFR aircraft from IFR aircraft by any one of the following:

    1. Visual separation as specified in para 7-2-1, Visual Separation, para 7-4-2, Vectors for Visual Approach, and para 7-6-7, Sequencing.

      NOTE: Issue wake turbulence cautionary advisories in accordance with para 2-1-20, Wake Turbulence Cautionary Advisories.

    2. 500 feet vertical separation;
    3. Target resolution, except when ISR is being displayed.

      NOTE: Apply the provisions of paragraph 5-5-4, Minima, subparagraphs g and h, when wake turbulence separation is required.

    7-8-4. ESTABLISHING TWO-WAY COMMUNICATIONS

    Class C service requires pilots to establish two-way radio communications before entering Class C airspace. If the controller responds to a radio call with, “(a/c call sign) standby,” radio communications have been established and the pilot can enter Class C airspace. If workload or traffic conditions prevent immediate provision of Class C services, inform the pilot to remain outside Class C airspace until conditions permit the services to be provided.

    • PHRASEOLOGY
    • (A/c call sign) REMAIN OUTSIDE CHARLIE AIRSPACE AND STANDBY.

    7-8-5. ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENTS

    1. When necessary to assign altitudes to VFR aircraft, assign altitudes that meet the MVA, MSA, or minimum IFR altitude criteria.
    2. Aircraft assigned altitudes which are contrary to 14 CFR Section 91.159 must be advised to resume altitudes appropriate for the direction of flight when the altitude is no longer needed for separation, when leaving the outer area, or when terminating Class C service.
      • PHRASEOLOGY
      • RESUME APPROPRIATE VFR ALTITUDES.

    7-8-6. EXCEPTIONS

    1. VFR helicopters need not be separated from IFR helicopters. Traffic information and safety alerts must be issued as appropriate.
    2. Hot air balloons need not be separated from IFR aircraft. Traffic information and safety alerts must be issued as appropriate.

    7-8-7. ADJACENT AIRPORT OPERATIONS

    1. Aircraft that will penetrate Class C airspace after departing controlled airports within or adjacent to Class C airspace must be provided the same services as those aircraft departing the primary airport. Procedures for handling this situation must be covered in a LOA or a facility directive, as appropriate.
    2. Aircraft departing uncontrolled airports within Class C airspace must be handled using procedures advertised in a Letter to Airmen.

    7-8-8. TERMINATION OF SERVICE

    Unless aircraft are landing at secondary airports or have requested termination of service while in the outer area, provide services until the aircraft departs the associated outer area. Terminate Class C service to aircraft landing at other than the primary airport at a sufficient distance from the airport to allow the pilot to change to the appropriate frequency for traffic and airport information.

    • PHRASEOLOGY
    • CHANGE TO ADVISORY FREQUENCY APPROVED,
    • or
    • CONTACT (facility identification).
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