Chapter 12. Canadian Airspace Procedures

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   Appendices
         1−1−14. DISTRIBUTION
         1−1−2. AUDIENCE
         1−1−7. DELIVERY DATES
         1−2−1. WORD MEANINGS
         1−2−2. COURSE DEFINITIONS
         1−2−3. NOTES
         1−2−4. REFERENCES
         1−2−5. ANNOTATIONS
         1−2−6. ABBREVIATIONS
      Section 1. General
         10-1-2. OBTAINING INFORMATION
         10-1-3. PROVIDING ASSISTANCE
         10-1-4. RESPONSIBILITY
         10-1-5. COORDINATION
         10-2-11. AIRCRAFT BOMB THREATS
         10-2-13. MANPADS ALERT
         10-2-18. VOLCANIC ASH
         10-2-2. FREQUENCY CHANGES
         10-2-3. AIRCRAFT ORIENTATION
         10-2-5. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
         10-2-6. HIJACKED AIRCRAFT
         10-3-4. ALNOT
         10-3-7. ALNOT CANCELLATION
         10-4-1. TRAFFIC RESTRICTIONS
         10-4-2. LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS
         10-4-3. TRAFFIC RESUMPTION
         10-4-4. COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE
         10-5-1. EXPLOSIVE CARGO
         10-6-1. APPLICATION
         10-6-2. PHASES OF EMERGENCY
         10-6-4. INFLIGHT CONTINGENCIES
         10-7-1. INFORMATION RELAY
         10-7-2. IFR AND SVFR MINIMA
         10-7-3. VFR MINIMA
         10-7-4. SMOKE COLUMN AVOIDANCE
         10-7-5. EXTENDED NOTIFICATION
      Section 1. General
         11-1-1. DUTY RESPONSIBILITY
         12-1-1. APPLICATION
         12-1-3. ONE THOUSAND-ON-TOP
         12-1-4. SEPARATION
         12-1-6. PARACHUTE JUMPING
         12-1-7. SPECIAL VFR (SVFR)
         13-1-1. DESCRIPTION
         13-1-11. DELAY REPORTING
         13-1-12. OVERDUE AIRCRAFT
         13-1-14. FORECAST WINDS
         13-1-3. TRIAL PLANNING
         13-1-7. HOLDING
         13-2-1. DESCRIPTION
         13-2-3. INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
         13-2-5. COORDINATION
      Section 1. General
         2-1-1. ATC SERVICE
         2-1-10. NAVAID MALFUNCTIONS
         2-1-11. USE OF MARSA
         2-1-12. MILITARY PROCEDURES
         2-1-13. FORMATION FLIGHTS
         2-1-15. CONTROL TRANSFER
         2-1-16. SURFACE AREAS
         2-1-17. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
         2-1-18. OPERATIONAL REQUESTS
         2-1-19. WAKE TURBULENCE
         2-1-2. DUTY PRIORITY
         2-1-21. TRAFFIC ADVISORIES
         2-1-25. WHEELS DOWN CHECK
         2-1-29. RVSM OPERATIONS
         2-1-3. PROCEDURAL PREFERENCE
         2-1-4. OPERATIONAL PRIORITY
         2-1-5. EXPEDITIOUS COMPLIANCE
         2-1-6. SAFETY ALERT
         2-1-8. MINIMUM FUEL
         2-2-1. RECORDING INFORMATION
         2-2-2. FORWARDING INFORMATION
         2-2-3. FORWARDING VFR DATA
         2-2-8. ALTRV INFORMATION
         2-3-1. GENERAL
         2-3-10. CONTROL SYMBOLOGY
         2-3-2. EN ROUTE DATA ENTRIES
         2-3-3. OCEANIC DATA ENTRIES
         2-3-4. TERMINAL DATA ENTRIES
         2-3-5. AIRCRAFT IDENTITY
         2-3-6. AIRCRAFT TYPE
         2-3-9. CLEARANCE STATUS
         2-4-1. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
         2-4-11. PRIORITY INTERRUPTION
         2-4-14. WORDS AND PHRASES
         2-4-15. EMPHASIS FOR CLARITY
         2-4-16. ICAO PHONETICS
         2-4-17. NUMBERS USAGE
         2-4-18. NUMBER CLARIFICATION
         2-4-2. MONITORING
         2-4-22. AIRSPACE CLASSES
         2-4-7. AUTHORIZED RELAYS
         2-4-8. RADIO MESSAGE FORMAT
         2-5-2. NAVAID TERMS
         2-5-3. NAVAID FIXES
         2-6-1. FAMILIARIZATION
         2-7-1. CURRENT SETTINGS
         2-8-1. FURNISH RVR VALUES
         2-8-3. TERMINOLOGY
         2-9-1. APPLICATION
         2-9-2. OPERATING PROCEDURES
         2-9-3. CONTENT
      Section 1. General
         3-1-1. PROVIDE SERVICE
         3-1-10. OBSERVED ABNORMALITIES
         3-1-2. PREVENTIVE CONTROL
         3-1-3. USE OF ACTIVE RUNWAYS
         3-1-6. TRAFFIC INFORMATION
         3-1-7. POSITION DETERMINATION
         3-10-1. LANDING INFORMATION
         3-10-11. CLOSED TRAFFIC
         3-10-12. OVERHEAD MANEUVER
         3-10-3. SAME RUNWAY SEPARATION
         3-10-5. LANDING CLEARANCE
         3-10-9. RUNWAY EXITING
         3-12-1. APPLICATION
         3-12-2. DEPARTURE SEPARATION
         3-12-3. ARRIVAL SEPARATION
         3-2-1. LIGHT SIGNALS
         3-2-2. WARNING SIGNAL
         3-3-1. LANDING AREA CONDITION
         3-3-3. TIMELY INFORMATION
         3-3-4. BRAKING ACTION
         3-4-1. EMERGENCY LIGHTING
         3-4-10. RUNWAY EDGE LIGHTS
         3-4-16. TAXIWAY LIGHTS
         3-4-17. OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS
         3-4-18. ROTATING BEACON
         3-4-5. APPROACH LIGHTS
         3-4-6. ALS INTENSITY SETTINGS
         3-4-8. MALSR/ODALS
         3-4-9. ALSF-2/SSALR
         3-5-1. SELECTION
         3-5-2. STOL RUNWAYS
         3-5-3. TAILWIND COMPONENTS
         3-6-1. EQUIPMENT USAGE
         3-6-2. IDENTIFICATION
         3-6-3. INFORMATION USAGE
         3-6-5. RADAR-ONLY MODE
         3-7-1. GROUND TRAFFIC MOVEMENT
         3-7-3. GROUND OPERATIONS
         3-7-4. RUNWAY PROXIMITY
         3-9-1. DEPARTURE INFORMATION
         3-9-10. TAKEOFF CLEARANCE
         3-9-4. LINE UP AND WAIT (LUAW)
         3-9-5. ANTICIPATING SEPARATION
         3-9-6. SAME RUNWAY SEPARATION
         4-1-2. EXCEPTIONS
         4-1-3. CROSSING ALTITUDE
         4-1-4. VFR-ON-TOP
         4-1-5. FIX USE
      Section 2. Clearances
         4-2-1. CLEARANCE ITEMS
         4-2-2. CLEARANCE PREFIX
         4-2-3. DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS
         4-2-4. CLEARANCE RELAY
         4-2-6. THROUGH CLEARANCES
         4-2-7. ALTRV CLEARANCE
         4-2-9. CLEARANCE ITEMS
         4-3-1. DEPARTURE TERMINOLOGY
         4-3-2. DEPARTURE CLEARANCES
         4-3-5. GROUND STOP
         4-3-6. DELAY SEQUENCING
         4-4-1. ROUTE USE
         4-4-4. ALTERNATIVE ROUTES
         4-4-5. CLASS G AIRSPACE
         4-4-6. DIRECT CLEARANCES
         4-5-2. FLIGHT DIRECTION
         4-5-3. EXCEPTIONS
         4-5-7. ALTITUDE INFORMATION
         4-6-2. CLEARANCE BEYOND FIX
         4-6-3. DELAYS
         4-6-4. HOLDING INSTRUCTIONS
         4-6-5. VISUAL HOLDING POINTS
         4-6-7. UNMONITORED NAVAIDs
         4-7-1. CLEARANCE INFORMATION
         4-7-10. APPROACH INFORMATION
         4-7-12. AIRPORT CONDITIONS
         4-7-13. SWITCHING ILS RUNWAYS
         4-7-6. ARRIVAL INFORMATION
         4-7-7. WEATHER INFORMATION
         4-8-1. APPROACH CLEARANCE
         4-8-10. APPROACH INFORMATION
         4-8-11. PRACTICE APPROACHES
         4-8-2. CLEARANCE LIMIT
         4-8-5. SPECIFYING ALTITUDE
         4-8-6. CIRCLING APPROACH
         4-8-7. SIDE-STEP MANEUVER
         4-8-8. COMMUNICATIONS RELEASE
         4-8-9. MISSED APPROACH
      Section 1. General
         5-1-6. DEVIATION ADVISORIES
         5-1-7. MANUAL FIX POSTING
         5-1-8. POSITION REPORTING
         5-10-1. APPLICATION
         5-10-11. MISSED APPROACH
         5-10-13. TOWER CLEARANCE
         5-10-2. APPROACH INFORMATION
         5-10-3. NO-GYRO APPROACH
         5-10-4. LOST COMMUNICATIONS
         5-10-5. RADAR CONTACT LOST
         5-10-6. LANDING CHECK
         5-10-7. POSITION INFORMATION
         5-10-9. COMMUNICATIONS CHECK
         5-11-1. ALTITUDE INFORMATION
         5-11-3. DESCENT NOTIFICATION
         5-11-4. DESCENT INSTRUCTIONS
         5-12-10. ELEVATION FAILURE
         5-12-11. SURVEILLANCE UNUSABLE
         5-12-3. DESCENT INSTRUCTION
         5-12-6. DECISION HEIGHT
         5-12-7. POSITION ADVISORIES
         5-12-9. COMMUNICATION TRANSFER
         5-13-6. SECTOR ELIGIBILITY
         5-13-7. COAST TRACKS
         5-14-1. APPLICATION
         5-14-2. RESPONSIBILITY
         5-14-3. FUNCTIONAL USE
         5-14-4. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
         5-14-5. INFORMATION DISPLAYED
         5-14-6. CA/MCI
         5-14-8. TRACK SUSPEND FUNCTION
         5-2-1. ASSIGNMENT CRITERIA
         5-2-10. STANDBY OPERATION
         5-2-11. CODE MONITOR
         5-2-20. BEACON TERMINATION
         5-2-21. ALTITUDE FILTERS
         5-2-23. ADS-B ALERTS
         5-2-4. RADIO FAILURE
         5-2-7. VFR CODE ASSIGNMENTS
         5-3-1. APPLICATION
         5-3-6. POSITION INFORMATION
         5-3-7. IDENTIFICATION STATUS
         5-3-8. DATA BLOCKS
         5-3-9. DATA BLOCKS
         5-4-1. APPLICATION
         5-4-2. TERMS
         5-4-3. METHODS
         5-4-4. TRAFFIC
         5-4-7. POINT OUT
         5-5-1. APPLICATION
         5-5-10. ADJACENT AIRSPACE
         5-5-11. EDGE OF SCOPE
         5-5-2. TARGET SEPARATION
         5-5-3. TARGET RESOLUTION
         5-5-4. MINIMA
         5-5-5. VERTICAL APPLICATION
         5-5-6. EXCEPTIONS
         5-5-7. PASSING OR DIVERGING
      Section 6. Vectoring
         5-6-1. APPLICATION
         5-6-2. METHODS
         5-7-1. APPLICATION
         5-7-2. METHODS
         5-7-3. SPEED ASSIGNMENTS
         5-7-4. TERMINATION
         5-8-1. PROCEDURES
         5-8-2. INITIAL HEADING
         5-8-4. DEPARTURE AND ARRIVAL
         5-9-11. TRANSITIONAL PROCEDURE
         5-9-4. ARRIVAL INSTRUCTIONS
      Section 1. General
         6-1-1. DISTANCE
         6-1-5. ARRIVAL MINIMA
         6-2-2. MINIMA ON SAME COURSE
         6-3-1. SEPARATION MINIMA
         6-4-1. APPLICATION
         6-4-4. SEPARATION BY PILOTS
         6-5-1. SEPARATION METHODS
         6-5-1. SEPARATION METHODS
         6-5-3. DME ARC MINIMA
         6-6-1. APPLICATION
         6-6-2. EXCEPTIONS
         6-6-3. SEPARATION BY PILOTS
         6-7-1. APPLICATION
         6-7-2. APPROACH SEQUENCE
         6-7-3. SEQUENCE INTERRUPTION
         6-7-5. INTERVAL MINIMA
         6-7-6. TIME CHECK
         6-7-7. MISSED APPROACHES
      Section 1. General
         7-1-2. VFR CONDITIONS
         7-2-1. VISUAL SEPARATION
      Section 3. VFR-On-Top
         7-3-1. VFR-ON-TOP
      Section 4. Approaches
         7-4-1. VISUAL APPROACH
         7-4-7. CONTACT APPROACH
         7-5-1. AUTHORIZATION
         7-5-2. PRIORITY
         7-5-3. SEPARATION
         7-5-4. ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENT
         7-5-5. LOCAL OPERATIONS
         7-5-6. CLIMB TO VFR
         7-6-1. APPLICATION
         7-6-11. TERMINATION OF SERVICE
         7-6-2. SERVICE AVAILABILITY
         7-6-3. INITIAL CONTACT
         7-6-4. IDENTIFICATION
         7-6-5. HOLDING
         7-6-6. APPROACH SEQUENCE
         7-6-7. SEQUENCING
         7-6-8. CONTROL TRANSFER
         7-6-9. ABANDONED APPROACH
         7-7-1. APPLICATION
         7-7-2. ISSUANCE OF EFC
         7-7-3. SEPARATION
         7-7-4. HELICOPTER TRAFFIC
         7-7-5. ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENTS
         7-7-6. APPROACH INTERVAL
         7-8-1. APPLICATION
         7-8-2. CLASS C SERVICES
         7-8-3. SEPARATION
         7-8-5. ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENTS
         7-8-6. EXCEPTIONS
         7-8-8. TERMINATION OF SERVICE
         7-9-1. APPLICATION
         7-9-3. METHODS
         7-9-4. SEPARATION
         7-9-5. TRAFFIC ADVISORIES
         7-9-6. HELICOPTER TRAFFIC
         7-9-7. ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENTS
         7-9-8. APPROACH INTERVAL
      Section 1. General
         8-1-1. ATC SERVICE
         8-1-3. VFR FLIGHT PLANS
         8-1-4. TYPES OF SEPARATION
         8-1-5. ALTIMETER SETTING
         8-1-9. RVSM OPERATIONS
         8-10-1. APPLICATION
         8-10-2. VERTICAL SEPARATION
         8-10-4. LATERAL SEPARATION
         8-2-1. GENERAL
         8-3-1. APPLICATION
         8-3-2. SEPARATION METHODS
         8-3-3. MACH NUMBER TECHNIQUE
         8-4-1. APPLICATION
         8-4-2. SEPARATION METHODS
         8-4-4. TRACK SEPARATION
         8-5-2. COURSE DIVERGENCE
         8-5-3. OPPOSITE DIRECTION
         8-5-4. SAME DIRECTION
         8-7-1. APPLICATION
         8-7-2. VERTICAL SEPARATION
         8-7-3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION
         8-7-4. LATERAL SEPARATION
         8-8-1. APPLICATION
         8-8-2. VERTICAL SEPARATION
         8-8-3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION
         8-8-4. LATERAL SEPARATION
         8-8-5. VFR CLIMB AND DESCENT
         8-9-1. APPLICATION
         8-9-2. VERTICAL SEPARATION
         8-9-3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION
         8-9-4. LATERAL SEPARATION
      Section 1. General
         9-1-1. GENERAL
         9-1-2. SPECIAL HANDLING
         9-1-3. FLIGHT CHECK AIRCRAFT
         9-2-17. SAMP FLIGHTS
         9-2-5. FLYNET
         9-2-7. INTERCEPTOR OPERATIONS
         9-2-8. SPECIAL INTEREST SITES
         9-3-1. APPLICATION
         9-3-2. SEPARATION MINIMA
         9-3-3. VFR-ON-TOP
         9-4-2. ROUTING
         9-4-3. ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENT
         9-4-4. SEPARATION MINIMA
         9-6-1. APPLICATION
         9-6-2. DERELICT BALLOONS
         9-7-1. COORDINATION
         9-7-3. CLASS D AIRSPACE
         9-7-4. OTHER CONTROL AIRSPACE
         9-8-1. GENERAL
  • Chapter 12. Canadian Airspace Procedures

    Section 1. General Control

    12-1-1. APPLICATION

    Where control responsibility within Canadian airspace has been formally delegated to the FAA by the Transport Canada Aviation Group, apply basic FAA procedures except for the Canadian procedures contained in this chapter.

    NOTE: In 1985, the U.S. and Canada established an agreement recognizing the inherent safety of the ATC procedures exercised by the other country. This agreement permits the use of ATC procedures of one country when that country is exercising ATC in the airspace over the territory of the other country insofar as they are not inconsistent with, or repugnant to, the laws and regulations or unique operational requirements of the country over whose territory such airspace is located. Accordingly, this chapter was revised to include only those Canadian procedures that must be used because of a Canadian regulatory or unique operational requirement.

    12-1-2. AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION

    1. Class A airspace. Controlled airspace within which only IFR flights are permitted. Airspace designated from the base of all controlled high level airspace up to and including FL 600.
    2. Class B airspace. Controlled airspace within which only IFR and Controlled VFR (CVFR) flights are permitted. Includes all controlled low level airspace above 12,500 feet ASL or at and above the minimum en route IFR altitude, (whichever is higher) up to but not including 18,000 feet ASL. ATC procedures pertinent to IFR flights must be applied to CVFR aircraft.

      NOTE: The CVFR pilot is responsible to maintain VFR flight and visual reference to the ground at all times.

    3. Class C airspace. Controlled airspace within which both IFR and VFR flights are permitted, but VFR flights require a clearance from ATC to enter.
    4. Class D airspace. Controlled airspace within which both IFR and VFR flights are permitted, but VFR flights do not require a clearance from ATC to enter, however, they must establish two-way communications with the appropriate ATC agency prior to entering the airspace.
    5. Class E airspace. Airspace within which both IFR and VFR flights are permitted, but for VFR flight there are no special requirements.
    6. Class F airspace. Airspace of defined dimensions within which activities must be confined because of their nature, or within which limitations are imposed upon aircraft operations that are not a part of those activities, or both. Special use airspace may be classified as Class F advisory or Class F restricted.
    7. Class G airspace. Uncontrolled airspace within which ATC has neither the authority nor responsibility for exercising control over air traffic.

    12-1-3. ONE THOUSAND-ON-TOP

    Clear an aircraft to maintain “at least 1,000 feet-on- top” in lieu of “VFR-on-top,” provided:

    1. The pilot requests it.

      NOTE: It is the pilot's responsibility to ensure that the requested operation can be conducted at least 1,000 feet above all cloud, haze, smoke, or other formation, with a flight visibility of 3 miles or more. A pilot's request can be considered as confirmation that conditions are adequate.

    2. The pilot will not operate within Class A or Class B airspace.

    12-1-4. SEPARATION

    Apply a lateral, longitudinal, or vertical separation minimum between aircraft operating in accordance with an IFR or CVFR clearance, regardless of the weather conditions.

    12-1-5. DEPARTURE CLEARANCE/COMMUNICATION FAILURE

    Base controller action regarding radio failures in Canadian airspace on the requirement for pilots to comply with Canadian Airspace Regulations, which are similar to 14 CFR Section 91.185; however, the following major difference must be considered when planning control actions. Except when issued alternate radio failure instructions by ATC, pilots will adhere to the following: If flying a turbine-powered (turboprop or turbojet) aircraft and cleared on departure to a point other than the destination, proceed to the destination airport in accordance with the flight plan, maintaining the last assigned altitude or flight level or the minimum en route IFR altitude, whichever is higher, until 10 minutes beyond the point specified in the clearance (clearance limit), and then proceed at altitude(s) or flight level(s) filed in the flight plan. When the aircraft will enter U.S. airspace within 10 minutes after passing the clearance limit, the climb to the flight planned border crossing altitude is to be commenced at the estimated time of crossing the Canada/U.S. boundary.

    12-1-6. PARACHUTE JUMPING

    Do not authorize parachute jumping without prior permission from the appropriate Canadian authority.

    NOTE: Canadian regulations require written authority from the Ministry of Transport.

    12-1-7. SPECIAL VFR (SVFR)

    NOTE: Pilots do not have to be IFR qualified to fly SVFR at night, nor does the aircraft have to be equipped for IFR flight.

    1. Within a control zone where there is an airport controller on duty, approve or refuse a pilot's request for SVFR on the basis of current or anticipated IFR traffic only. If approved, specify the period of time during which SVFR flight is permitted.
    2. Within a control zone where there is no airport controller on duty, authorize or refuse an aircraft's request for SVFR on the basis of:
      1. 1. Current or anticipated IFR traffic, and
      2. 2. Official ceiling and visibility reports.
    3. Canadian SVFR weather minimums for:
      1. Aircraft other than helicopters. Flight visibility (ground visibility when reported) 1 mile.
      2. Helicopters. Flight visibility (ground visibility when available) 1/2 mile.
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